#include <iostream.h>
int count=0;
class abc {
	public:
	abc();
	abc(const abc& a);
	~abc();
	int i;
};
abc::abc()
{
	i=count;
	count++;
	cout << "default constructor (Object " << i  << " created)" << endl;
}
abc::abc(const abc& a)
{
	i=count;
	count++;
	cout << "customized copy constructor (";
	cout << "copying from Object " << a.i << " to Object " << i << ")" << endl;
}
abc::~abc()
{
	cout << "Destructor (Object " << i <<" destroyed)"<< endl;
}

abc k1(abc &a)
{
	cout << "Inside k1" << endl;
	cout << "Before returning something" << endl;
	cout << "The returning variable would be created by copy constructor";
	cout << endl;
	return a;
}
abc k2(abc a)
{
	cout << "Inside k2" << endl;
	cout << "notice: Object " << a.i << " is a" << endl;
	cout << "Before returning something" << endl;
	cout << "The returning variable would be created by copy"
		<< " constructor" << endl;
	cout << "'a' (Object " << a.i << ") would be deleted when this "
		<< "function ends, because it was created as a result "
		<< "of pass-by-value";
	cout << endl;
	return a;
}
void main()
{
	cout << "Main Begins" << endl;
	abc h0;
	cout << "Before calling k1" << endl;
	k1(h0);
	cout << "The return variable is not stored and destroyed" << endl;
	cout << endl;
	{
		//scope X
		cout << endl;
		cout << "Entering Scope X " <<endl;
		cout << "Before calling k2" << endl;
		cout << "'a' would be created by the copy constructor with argument 'h0'" << endl; 
		cout << "notice: Object " << h0.i << " is h0 " << endl;
		abc h1=k2(h0);
		cout << "Creating dynamic variable and store its address in p1"
		     << " using the copy constructor of abc" << endl;
		abc *p1=new abc(h1);
		cout << "The return variable is stored in h1" << endl;
		cout << "h1 (Object " << h1.i 
		     << ") would be deleted after scope X ended" << endl;
		cout << "(Object " << p1->i << ") which is pointer to by p1 would not be deleted "
		     <<	"because it is created as dynamic variable" << endl;
		cout << "End of this scope X" << endl;
	}
	cout << endl;
	cout << "h0 (Object " << h0.i 
	     << ") would be deleted after the main scope ended" << endl;
	cout << "End of this main scope" << endl;
	
}